Pakadali pano, makampani omwe amayendetsa magalimoto onyamula anthu amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu. Gulu loyamba ndi dongosolo lotsekedwa lotsekedwa lofanana ndi Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL). Zida zazikulu monga tchipisi ndi ma aligorivimu amapangidwa okha. Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) amachita izi. Makampani ena oyendetsa magalimoto atsopano akuyembekeza kuti ayambenso pang'onopang'ono. msewu uwu. Gulu lachiwiri ndi dongosolo lotseguka lofanana ndi Android. Opanga ena amapanga nsanja zanzeru, ndipo ena amapanga magalimoto. Mwachitsanzo, Huawei ndi Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) ali ndi zolinga pankhaniyi. Gulu lachitatu ndi robotics (ma taxi opanda driver), monga makampani monga Waymo.
Nkhaniyi ipenda makamaka kuthekera kwa njira zitatuzi kuchokera kuukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha bizinesi, ndikukambirana za tsogolo la opanga magalimoto amphamvu kapena makampani oyendetsa okha. Osapeputsa ukadaulo. Pakuyendetsa pawokha, ukadaulo ndi moyo, ndipo njira yayikulu yaukadaulo ndiyo njira yabwino. Kotero nkhaniyi ikukambirananso pa njira zosiyanasiyana za njira zoyendetsera galimoto.
Pankhani yamagalimoto anzeru, makamaka pankhani yoyendetsa pawokha, kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsekeka a Apple kungapangitse kuti opanga aziwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Yankhani mwachangu ku zosowa za ogula.
Ndiroleni ndilankhule za kachitidwe kaye. Kuchita ndikofunikira pakuyendetsa galimoto. Seymour Cray, bambo wa makompyuta akuluakulu, nthawi ina adanena mawu okondweretsa kwambiri, "Aliyense akhoza kupanga CPU yofulumira. Chinyengo ndichomanga dongosolo lofulumira ".
Ndikulephera pang'onopang'ono kwa Lamulo la Moore, sizingatheke kungowonjezera magwiridwe antchito powonjezera kuchuluka kwa ma transistors pagawo lililonse. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kukula kwa chip kumakhalanso kochepa. Inde, Tesla FSD HW3.0 yamakono (FSD imatchedwa Full Self-Driving) ndi njira ya 14nm yokha, ndipo pali malo oti muwongolere.
Pakalipano, tchipisi ta digito zambiri zimapangidwa kutengera Von Neumann Architecture ndi kulekanitsa kukumbukira ndi chowerengera, chomwe chimapanga dongosolo lonse la makompyuta (kuphatikizapo mafoni anzeru). Kuchokera pa mapulogalamu kupita ku machitidwe opangira opaleshoni kupita ku tchipisi, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Komabe, Zomangamanga za Von Neumann sizoyenera kwathunthu kuphunzira mozama komwe kuyendetsa pawokha kumadalira, ndipo kumafunikira kuwongolera kapena kuwongolera.
Mwachitsanzo, pali "khoma la kukumbukira" komwe chowerengera chimathamanga kwambiri kuposa kukumbukira, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto. Kapangidwe ka tchipisi tokhala ngati ubongo kamakhala ndi kamangidwe kake, koma kudumphako sikungachitike posachedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, network convolutional network imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma matrix, omwe mwina sangakhale oyenera tchipisi ngati ubongo.
Chifukwa chake, monga Lamulo la Moore ndi zomangamanga za Von Neumann zonse zimakumana ndi zovuta, zowongolera zamtsogolo zimafunika kukwaniritsidwa kudzera mu Domain Specific Architecture (DSA, yomwe ingatanthauze mapurosesa odzipereka). DSA idaperekedwa ndi opambana a Turing Award John Hennessy ndi David Patterson. Ndichidziwitso chatsopano chomwe sichili patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo ndi lingaliro lomwe lingathe kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Titha kumvetsetsa lingaliro la DSA kuchokera pamalingaliro akulu. Nthawi zambiri, tchipisi tapamwamba kwambiri tili ndi ma transistors mabiliyoni mpaka makumi mabiliyoni. Momwe ziwerengero zazikuluzikulu za ma transistors zimagawidwira, kulumikizidwa, ndikuphatikizidwa zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amtundu wina.M'tsogolomu, m'pofunika kumanga "dongosolo lachangu" kuchokera pamalingaliro onse a mapulogalamu ndi hardware, ndikudalira kukhathamiritsa ndi kusintha kwa dongosolo.
"Android mode" si njira yabwino yothetsera magalimoto anzeru.
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, palinso Apple (lopu yotsekedwa) ndi Android (yotseguka) m'munda wa mafoni anzeru, ndipo padzakhalanso opereka mapulogalamu olemera kwambiri monga Google. Yankho langa ndi losavuta. Njira ya Android sigwira ntchito pakuyendetsa galimoto modziyimira pawokha chifukwa simakumana ndi tsogolo laukadaulo wamagalimoto anzeru.
Zachidziwikire, sindinganene kuti makampani monga Tesla ndi makampani ena amayenera kupanga zomangira pawokha, ndipo magawo ambiri amafunikabe kugulidwa kuchokera kwa opanga zida. Koma gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe limakhudza zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito liyenera kuchitidwa nokha, monga mbali zonse zoyendetsera galimoto.
Mu gawo loyamba, zanenedwa kuti njira yotseka ya Apple ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. M'malo mwake, zikuwonetsanso kuti njira yotseguka ya Android si njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera galimoto.
Mapangidwe a mafoni anzeru ndi magalimoto anzeru ndi osiyana. Cholinga cha mafoni a m'manja ndi chilengedwe. Ecosystem imatanthawuza kupereka mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kutengera ma ARM ndi IOS kapena machitidwe a Android.Chifukwa chake, mafoni anzeru a Android amatha kumveka ngati kuphatikiza kwamagulu ambiri wamba. Chip muyezo ndi ARM, pamwamba pa chip ndi Android opaleshoni dongosolo, ndiyeno pali mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana pa Intaneti. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake, kaya ndi chip, Android system, kapena App, imatha kukhala bizinesi palokha.
Cholinga cha magalimoto anzeru ndi algorithm ndi data ndi zida zomwe zimathandizira ma algorithm. Ma algorithm amafunikira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri, kaya amaphunzitsidwa mumtambo kapena kutengera pa terminal. Zida zamagalimoto anzeru zimafunikira kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito apadera komanso ma aligorivimu. Chifukwa chake, ma aligorivimu okha kapena tchipisi kapena makina ogwiritsira ntchito okha ndi omwe angakumane ndi zovuta zokwaniritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi. Pokhapokha chigawo chilichonse chikapangidwa chokha chomwe chingathe kukonzedwa mosavuta. Kupatukana kwa mapulogalamu ndi hardware kumabweretsa ntchito zomwe sizingakwaniritsidwe.
Titha kufanizitsa motere, NVIDIA Xavier ili ndi ma transistors mabiliyoni 9, Tesla FSD HW 3.0 ili ndi ma transistors mabiliyoni 6, koma index yamagetsi ya Xavier si yabwino ngati HW3.0. Ndipo akuti m'badwo wotsatira wa FSD HW uli ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ka 7 poyerekeza ndi pano. Chifukwa chake, ndichifukwa choti wopanga chip wa Tesla Peter Bannon ndi gulu lake ndi amphamvu kuposa opanga a NVIDIA, kapena chifukwa njira ya Tesla yophatikizira mapulogalamu ndi zida zabwinoko. Tikuganiza kuti njira yophatikizira mapulogalamu ndi hardware iyeneranso kukhala chifukwa chofunikira pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chip. Kulekanitsa ma aligorivimu ndi deta si lingaliro labwino. Sizoyenera kuyankha mwachangu pa zosowa za ogula komanso kubwereza mwachangu.
Chifukwa chake, pankhani yoyendetsa pawokha, kugawa ma aligorivimu kapena tchipisi ndikugulitsa padera si bizinesi yabwino pakapita nthawi.
Nkhaniyi idachokera ku EV-tech
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Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-10-2020