"Double carbon" imawononga msika watsopano wa China thililiyoni, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu

Kusalowerera ndale kwa mpweya: Kukula kwachuma kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyengo komanso chilengedwe

Pofuna kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuthana ndi vuto la mpweya wa carbon, boma la China lakonza zolinga za "carbon peak" ndi "carbon neutral". Mu 2021, "carbon peak" ndi "carbon neutrality" zidalembedwa mu lipoti lantchito ya boma kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndizosakayikitsa kunena kuti nsonga ya carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni zidzakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ku China m'zaka zikubwerazi.

Njira yoti China ikwaniritse nsonga ya carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni ikuyembekezeka kugawidwa m'magawo atatu. Gawo loyamba ndi "nthawi yapamwamba" kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2030, pomwe kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kudzachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaboni. Gawo lachiwiri: 2031-2045 ndi "nthawi yochepetsera mpweya", ndipo kuchuluka kwa kaboni wapachaka kumatsika kuchoka pakusintha kupita kukhazikika. Gawo lachitatu: 2046-2060 idzalowa nthawi yochepetsera mpweya wambiri, kufulumizitsa kuchepa kwa carbon, ndipo potsiriza kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "net zero emissions". Mugawo lililonse la magawowa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapangidwe kake, ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi amasiyana.

Mwachiwerengero, mafakitale omwe amatulutsa mpweya wambiri wa kaboni nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu, mafakitale, mayendedwe, ndi zomangamanga. Makampani opanga mphamvu zatsopano ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokulirapo pansi pa njira ya "carbon neutral".

Mapangidwe apamwamba a "dual carbon target" amawunikira njira yabwino yopangira magalimoto amagetsi atsopano.

Kuyambira 2020, dziko la China layambitsa ndondomeko zambiri za dziko ndi zapakhomo pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, ndipo kutchuka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kukupitiriza kukwera. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Traffic Management Bureau ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha Anthu, pofika kumapeto kwa June 2021, chiŵerengero cha nkhani ku China chinali chitafika pa 6.03 miliyoni, zomwe zikuwerengera 2.1 peresenti ya magalimoto onse. Pakati pawo, pali magalimoto amagetsi a 4.93 miliyoni. M'zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi, pakhala pali zochitika zoposa 50 zokhudzana ndi ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu zatsopano chaka chilichonse, ndipo ndalama zapachaka zimafika mabiliyoni a yuan.

Pofika mu Okutobala 2021, kuli mabizinesi opitilira 370,000 okhudzana ndi magalimoto atsopano ku China, omwe oposa 3,700 ndi mabizinesi apamwamba kwambiri, malinga ndi Tianyan. Kuchokera ku 2016 mpaka 2020, chiwongola dzanja cha pachaka cha mabizinesi atsopano okhudzana ndi magalimoto okhudzana ndi magetsi chinafika 38.6%, pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwapachaka kwamabizinesi oyenerera mu 2020 kunali kofulumira kwambiri, kufika 41%.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira zochokera ku Tianyan Data Research Institute, panali pafupifupi 550 zochitika zachuma m'munda wa magalimoto amagetsi atsopano pakati pa 2006 ndi 2021, ndi kuchuluka kwa yuan zoposa 320 biliyoni. Zoposa 70% zandalamazo zidachitika pakati pa 2015 ndi 2020, ndi ndalama zonse zopitilira 250 biliyoni. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chaka chino, mphamvu zatsopano za "golide" zidapitilira kuwuka. Pofika mu Okutobala 2021, pakhala pali zochitika zandalama zopitilira 70 mu 2021, ndalama zonse zidapitilira ma yuan biliyoni 80, kupitilira ndalama zonse zomwe zidaperekedwa mu 2020.

Potengera kufalikira kwa malo, mabizinesi ambiri aku China okhudzana ndi milu yolipiritsa amagawidwa m'mizinda yoyambira komanso yatsopano, ndipo mabizinesi atsopano okhudzana ndi mizinda amathamanga mwachangu. Pakalipano, Guangzhou ili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mulu omwe ali ndi oposa 7,000, omwe ali oyamba ku China. Zhengzhou, Xi 'a Changsha, ndi mizinda ina yatsopanoyo ili ndi mabizinesi opitilira 3,500 okhudzana ndi Shanghai.

Pakadali pano, makampani amagalimoto aku China akhazikitsa njira yosinthira ukadaulo wa "pure electric drive", ikuyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wamagetsi amagetsi, magalimoto, ndi zamagetsi, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi oyera ndi ma plug-in hybrid yamagalimoto amagetsi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, padzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakufunika kolipiritsa. Kuti akwaniritse zolipiritsa zamagalimoto atsopano opangira mphamvu, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga milu yolipiritsa anthu payekha mothandizidwa ndi ndondomekoyi.