Tam sim no, cov tuam txhab uas tsav tsheb neeg caij tsheb tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg. Thawj qeb yog kaw-loop system zoo ib yam li Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL). Cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li chips thiab algorithms yog tsim los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) ua qhov no. Qee lub tuam txhab tsheb fais fab tshiab kuj vam tias yuav maj mam pib rau nws. txoj kev no. Cov qeb thib ob yog qhov qhib qhov system zoo ib yam li Android. Qee cov tuam txhab tsim cov platforms ntse, thiab qee qhov ua tsheb. Piv txwv li, Huawei thiab Baidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) muaj kev xav txog qhov no. Pawg thib peb yog neeg hlau (tsheb tsav tsheb tsis muaj tsheb), xws li tuam txhab xws li Waymo.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no feem ntau yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau ntawm peb txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev xav ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam, thiab sib tham txog yav tom ntej ntawm qee lub tuam txhab tsheb fais fab tshiab lossis cov tuam txhab tsav tsheb autonomous. Tsis txhob underestimate technology. Rau kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog, thev naus laus zis yog lub neej, thiab txoj hauv kev thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb yog txoj hauv kev zoo. Yog li tsab xov xwm no kuj yog ib qho kev sib tham txog txoj hauv kev sib txawv ntawm cov tswv yim tsav tsheb.
Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov tsheb ntse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsav tsheb, kev siv Apple lub kaw-voj qauv tuaj yeem ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov tuam txhab los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Teb sai sai rau cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Cia kuv tham txog kev ua haujlwm ua ntej. Kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsav tsheb autonomous. Seymour Cray, leej txiv ntawm supercomputers, ib zaug hais ib lo lus nthuav heev, "Leej twg tuaj yeem tsim lub CPU ceev. Qhov ua kom yuam kev yog tsim kom muaj lub zog ceev".
Nrog rau qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm Moore Txoj Cai Lij Choj, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm transistors rau ib cheeb tsam. Thiab vim qhov kev txwv ntawm cheeb tsam thiab kev siv hluav taws xob, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov nti kuj raug txwv. Tau kawg, tam sim no Tesla FSD HW3.0 (FSD hu ua Full Self-Driving) tsuas yog tus txheej txheem 14nm, thiab muaj qhov chaw rau kev txhim kho.
Tam sim no, feem ntau cov chips digital yog tsim los ntawm Von Neumann Architecture nrog kev sib cais ntawm lub cim xeeb thiab lub tshuab xam zauv, uas tsim kom muaj tag nrho cov tshuab computer (suav nrog cov xov tooj ntse). Los ntawm software mus rau lub operating systems mus rau chips, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, Von Neumann Architecture tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kawm tob uas kev tsav tsheb muaj kev cia siab rau, thiab xav tau kev txhim kho lossis kev ua tiav.
Piv txwv li, muaj "phab ntsa nco" qhov twg lub tshuab xam zauv khiav nrawm dua li lub cim xeeb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev ua haujlwm. Kev tsim ntawm lub hlwb zoo li chips muaj kev ua tiav hauv architecture, tab sis qhov leap dhau mus yuav tsis siv sai sai. Ntxiv mus, cov duab convolutional network tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm matrix, uas tej zaum yuav tsis haum rau lub hlwb zoo li chips.
Yog li ntawd, raws li Moore Txoj Cai thiab Von Neumann architecture ob qho tib si ntsib teeb meem, kev txhim kho yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau ua tiav los ntawm Domain Specific Architecture (DSA, uas tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov txheej txheem siab). DSA tau thov los ntawm Turing Award yeej John Hennessy thiab David Patterson. Nws yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas tsis deb dhau mus, thiab yog lub tswv yim uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum tam sim ntawd.
Peb tuaj yeem nkag siab lub tswv yim ntawm DSA los ntawm macro foundations. Feem ntau, tam sim no high-end chips muaj billions rau kaum tawm billions ntawm transistors. Yuav ua li cas cov loj loj ntawm transistors raug faib, txuas, thiab ua ke muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug "ceev ceev system" los ntawm tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm software thiab kho vajtse, thiab cia siab rau optimization thiab kho cov qauv.
"Android hom" tsis yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo hauv cov tsheb ntse.
Ntau tus neeg ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog, kuj tseem muaj Apple (kaw lub voj) thiab Android (qhib) hauv cov xov tooj ntse, thiab tseem yuav muaj cov chaw zov me nyuam hnyav xws li Google. Kuv cov lus teb yog yooj yim. Txoj hauv kev hauv Android yuav tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog vim nws tsis ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txhim kho tsheb ntse technology yav tom ntej.
Tau kawg, kuv yuav tsis hais tias cov tuam txhab xws li Tesla thiab lwm lub tuam txhab yuav tsum ua txhua tus ntsia hlau los ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab ntau qhov chaw tseem yuav tsum tau yuav los ntawm cov tuam txhab accessories. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv kev paub yuav tsum ua los ntawm koj tus kheej, xws li txhua yam ntawm kev tsav tsheb.
Hauv thawj ntu, nws tau hais tias Apple txoj kev kaw-voj yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov tseeb, nws kuj qhia tau tias Android qhib txoj kev tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tsav tsheb tsis muaj zog.
Lub architecture ntawm cov xov tooj ntse thiab cov tsheb ntse yog txawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm smartphones yog ecology. Ecosystem txhais tau tias muab ntau yam kev siv raws li ARM thiab IOS lossis Android operating systems.Yog li ntawd, Android cov xov tooj ntse tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov qauv sib xws. Cov txheej txheem nti yog ARM, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub nti yog Android operating system, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ntau yam apps hauv Is Taws Nem. Vim tias nws cov qauv tsim, txawm tias nws yog nti, Android system, lossis App, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim ua lag luam ntawm nws tus kheej.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov tsheb ntse yog cov algorithm thiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab kho vajtse txhawb nqa lub algorithm. Lub algorithm yuav tsum muaj kev ua tau zoo heev txawm tias nws tau kawm hauv huab lossis kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub tsheb ntse xav tau ntau qhov kev ua tau zoo rau kev siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov algorithms. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog algorithms los yog chips nkaus xwb los yog tsuas yog kev khiav hauj lwm systems yuav ntsib qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tsuas yog thaum txhua yam khoom tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua. Kev sib cais ntawm software thiab kho vajtse yuav ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo.
Peb tuaj yeem sib piv nws li no, NVIDIA Xavier muaj 9 billion transistors, Tesla FSD HW 3.0 muaj 6 billion transistors, tab sis Xavier lub xam lub zog ntsuas tsis zoo li HW3.0. Thiab nws tau hais tias tiam tom ntej FSD HW muaj kev txhim kho ntawm 7 zaug piv nrog rau tam sim no. Yog li, nws yog vim Tesla nti tsim qauv Peter Bannon thiab nws pab neeg muaj zog dua NVIDIA cov neeg tsim qauv, lossis vim Tesla cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas software thiab kho vajtse zoo dua. Peb xav tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas software thiab kho vajtse yuav tsum yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm nti. Sib cais algorithms thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ib lub tswv yim zoo. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tawm tswv yim sai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab rov ua dua sai.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm autonomous tsav tsheb, disassembling algorithms los yog chips thiab muag lawv cais tsis yog ib tug zoo kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev.
Kab lus no yog los ntawm EV-tech
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Post lub sij hawm: Dec-10-2020