Isingeniso
Ngokuphushwa komhlaba wonke kwe-decarbonization, izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ziya ngokuya ziduma. Eqinisweni, i-International Energy Agency (IEA) ibikezela ukuthi kuzoba nama-EV ayizigidi eziyi-125 emgwaqeni ngo-2030. Nokho, ukuze ama-EV asetshenziswe kabanzi, ingqalasizinda yokuwashaja kufanele yenziwe ngcono. Imboni yokushaja i-EV ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa, kodwa futhi namathuba amaningi okukhula kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Izinselelo Zomkhakha Wokushaja we-EV
Ukushoda kokulinganisa
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni yokushaja i-EV ukuntuleka kokulinganisa. Okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezahlukene zamashaja e-EV atholakalayo, ngayinye enamazinga ahlukene okushaja nezinhlobo zamapulaki. Lokhu kungadida kubathengi futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuthi amabhizinisi atshale imali engqalasizinda efanele.
Ukuze kubhekwane nale nselele, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ithuthukise indinganiso yomhlaba wonke yokushaja kwe-EV, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-IEC 61851. Leli zinga lichaza izimfuneko zemishini yokushaja ye-EV futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amashaja ahambisana nawo wonke ama-EV.
Ibanga Elinomkhawulo
Uhla olulinganiselwe lwama-EVs lungenye inselele embonini yokushaja kwe-EV. Nakuba uhla lwama-EV luthuthuka, abaningi basenobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamayela angu-200. Lokhu kungenza ukuhamba amabanga amade kube nzima, njengoba abashayeli kufanele bame ukuze bashaje izimoto zabo njalo ngemva kwamahora ambalwa.
Ukuze kubhekwane nale nselelo, izinkampani zakha ubuchwepheshe bokushaja obusheshayo obungashaja i-EV emizuzwini embalwa. Isibonelo, i-Tesla's Supercharger inganikeza ibanga elingafika kumamayela angama-200 ngemizuzu eyi-15 nje. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuhamba amabanga amade kube lula futhi kukhuthaze abantu abaningi ukuthi bashintshele kuma-EV.
Izindleko Eziphakeme
Izindleko eziphezulu zamashaja e-EV enye inselele embonini. Nakuba izindleko zama-EVs zehla, izindleko zamashaja zihlala ziphezulu. Lokhu kungaba isithiyo ekungeneni kwamabhizinisi afuna ukutshala imali kungqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV.
Ukuze kubhekwane nale nselelo, ohulumeni banikela ngezibonelelo kumabhizinisi ukuthi atshale kwingqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV. Isibonelo, e-United States, amabhizinisi angathola amakhredithi entela kufika ku-30% wezindleko zempahla yokushaja ye-EV.
Ingqalasizinda Elinganiselwe
Ingqalasizinda elinganiselwe yokushaja i-EV ingenye inselele embonini. Yize kunamashaja asesidlangalaleni e-EV angaphezu kuka-200,000 emhlabeni wonke, lokhu kuseyinombolo encane uma kuqhathaniswa nenani leziteshi zikaphethiloli. Lokhu kungenza kube nzima kubashayeli be-EV ukuthola iziteshi zokushaja, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Ukubhekana nale nselelo, ohulumeni batshala imali kwingqalasizinda yokushaja i-EV. Isibonelo, i-European Union ithembise ukufaka izindawo zokushaja zomphakathi eziyisigidi ngo-2025. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthi abantu bashintshele kuma-EV futhi kusize ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Amathuba emboni yokushaja i-EV
Ukushaja Kwasekhaya
Ithuba elilodwa lemboni yokushaja i-EV ukushaja kwasekhaya. Nakuba iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi zibalulekile, ukushaja okuningi kwe-EV kwenzeka ekhaya. Ngokunikeza izixazululo zokushaja ekhaya, izinkampani zingahlinzeka ngendlela elula nengabizi kakhulu kubanikazi be-EV ukushaja izimoto zabo.
Ukuze usebenzise leli thuba, izinkampani zinganikeza iziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya okulula ukuzifaka nokuzisebenzisa. Bangaphinde banikeze ngezinsizakalo ezisuselwe kokubhaliselwe ezinikeza abanikazi be-EV ukufinyelela eziteshini zokushaja zomphakathi kanye nezaphulelo kumpahla yokushaja.
Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile
Elinye ithuba lemboni yokushaja i-EV ukushaja okuhlakaniphile. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kuvumela ama-EV ukuthi axhumane negridi yamandla futhi alungise amanani awo wokushaja ngokusekelwe esidingweni sikagesi. Lokhu kungasiza ekwehliseni ubunzima kugridi ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ama-EV akhokhiswa ngezikhathi ezinezindleko eziphansi kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa leli thuba, izinkampani zinganikeza izixazululo zokushaja ezihlakaniphile okulula ukuzihlanganisa nengqalasizinda ekhona yokushaja i-EV. Bangakwazi futhi ukusebenzisana nezinsiza kanye nabaqhubi begridi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izixazululo zabo ziyahambisana nezidingo zegridi yamandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezamandla Avuselelekayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo elinye ithuba lemboni yokushaja i-EV. Ama-EV angashajwa kusetshenziswa ugesi okhiqizwa emithonjeni evuselelekayo njengomoya nelanga. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo ohlelweni lokushaja kwe-EV, izinkampani zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni futhi zikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusimeme.
Ukusebenzisa leli thuba, izinkampani zingasebenzisana nabahlinzeki bamandla avuselelekayo ukuze banikeze izixazululo zokushaja ze-EV ezisebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo. Bangakwazi futhi ukutshala izimali zabo kwingqalasizinda yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze bafake amandla eziteshini zabo zokushaja.
Izibalo Zedatha
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kuyithuba lemboni yokushaja i-EV ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda yokushaja. Ngokuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha yamaphethini wokushaja, izinkampani zingakwazi ukuhlonza amathrendi futhi zilungise ingqalasizinda yazo yokushaja ukuze zihlangabezane kangcono nezidingo zabashayeli be-EV.
Ukuze zisebenzise leli thuba, izinkampani zingatshala kusofthiwe yokuhlaziya idatha futhi zibambisane nezinkampani zokuhlaziya idatha ukuze zihlaziye idatha yokushaja. Bangakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa idatha ukwazisa idizayini yeziteshi zokushaja ezintsha futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kweziteshi ezikhona.
Isiphetho
Imboni yokushaja i-EV ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukuntuleka kokumiswa, ububanzi obulinganiselwe, izindleko eziphezulu, nengqalasizinda elinganiselwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona namathuba amaningi okukhula kanye nokuqanjwa okusha embonini, okuhlanganisa ukushaja ekhaya, ukushaja okuhlakaniphile, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, nokuhlaziya idatha. Ngokubhekana nalezi zinselele nokusebenzisa la mathuba, imboni yokushaja i-EV ingasiza ekukhuthazeni ezokuthutha ezisimeme kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-06-2023