Okwangoku, iinkampani eziqhuba iimoto zabakhweli ngokuzenzekelayo zinokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba ezintathu. Udidi lokuqala yinkqubo evaliweyo efana ne-Apple (NASDAQ: AAPL). Amacandelo aphambili afana neechips kunye ne-algorithms zenziwe ngokwazo. I-Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) yenza oku. Ezinye iinkampani zemoto zamandla amatsha nazo zinethemba lokuyiqalisa ngokuthe ngcembe. le ndlela. Udidi lwesibini luyinkqubo evulekileyo efana ne-Android. Abanye abavelisi benza amaqonga ahlakaniphile, kwaye abanye benza iimoto. Umzekelo, iHuawei kunye neBaidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) baneenjongo kulo mba. Udidi lwesithathu ziirobhothi (iiteksi ezingaqhubi), ezifana neenkampani ezifana noWaymo.
Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya ubukhulu becala ukwenzeka kwezi ndlela zintathu ngokwembono yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lweshishini, kwaye lixoxe ngekamva labanye abavelisi beemoto zamandla amatsha okanye iinkampani zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo. Musa ukujongela phantsi ubuchwepheshe. Ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, itekhnoloji bubomi, kwaye indlela yetekhnoloji ephambili yindlela yobuchule. Ke eli nqaku likwayingxoxo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zezicwangciso zokuqhuba ezizimeleyo.
Kwintsimi yeemoto ezihlakaniphile, ngakumbi kwibala lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, ukwamkela imodeli evaliweyo ye-Apple inokwenza kube lula kubavelisi ukuba baphucule ukusebenza kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza. Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zabathengi.
Makhe ndithethe malunga nokusebenza kuqala. Ukusebenza kubalulekile ekuqhubeni ukuzimela. USeymour Cray, uyise we-supercomputers, wakha wathetha igama elinomdla kakhulu, "Nabani na unokwakha i-CPU ekhawulezayo. Ubuqhetseba kukwakha inkqubo ekhawulezayo ".
Ngokungaphumeleli kancinci koMthetho kaMoore, akwenzeki ukuba kwandiswe nje ukusebenza ngokwandisa inani leetransistor kwindawo nganye. Kwaye ngenxa yokunciphisa indawo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, umlinganiselo we-chip nawo ulinganiselwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-Tesla FSD yangoku HW3.0 (i-FSD ibizwa ngokuba yi-Full Self-Driving) yinkqubo ye-14nm kuphela, kwaye kukho indawo yokuphucula.
Okwangoku, iichips ezininzi zedijithali zenzelwe ngokusekelwe kwi-Von Neumann Architecture kunye nokwahlula imemori kunye ne-calculator, eyenza yonke inkqubo yeekhompyutheni (kubandakanywa neefowuni ezihlakaniphile). Ukusuka kwisoftware ukuya kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ukuya kwiichips, ichaphazeleka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Von Neumann Architecture ayifanelekanga ngokupheleleyo kufundo olunzulu oluxhomekeke kuyo ukuqhuba ngokuzimela, kwaye ifuna uphuculo okanye ukuphumelela.
Ngokomzekelo, kukho "udonga lwememori" apho i-calculator isebenza ngokukhawuleza kunememori, enokubangela iingxaki zokusebenza. Uyilo lweetshiphusi ezinjengobuchopho lunenkqubela phambili kuyilo, kodwa ukutsiba okude kakhulu akunakusetyenziswa kwakamsinya. Ngapha koko, inethiwekhi yokuguqulwa komfanekiso inokuguqulwa ibe yimisebenzi ye-matrix, enokuthi ingalungeli ncam iitshiphusi ezinjengobuchopho.
Ke ngoko, njengoMthetho kaMoore kunye noyilo lweVon Neumann zombini zidibana neebhotile, uphuculo lwentsebenzo yexesha elizayo kufuneka luphunyezwe ngeDomain Specific Architecture (DSA, enokubhekisa kwiiprosesa ezizinikeleyo). I-DSA yacetywa ngabaphumelele iMbasa yeTuring uJohn Hennessy noDavid Patterson. Lutshintsho olungekho kude kakhulu, kwaye luluvo olunokuthi lusetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza.
Sinokuwuqonda umbono we-DSA ngokwembono enkulu. Ngokubanzi, iitshiphusi zangoku eziphezulu zineebhiliyoni ukuya kumashumi eebhiliyoni zeetransistors. Indlela la manani makhulu e-transistors asasazwa ngayo, adityaniswe, kwaye adityanisiwe anempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwesicelo esithile.Kwixesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko ukwakha "inkqubo ekhawulezayo" kwimbono epheleleyo yesofthiwe kunye ne-hardware, kwaye uthembele ekuphuculeni kunye nokulungiswa kwesakhiwo.
"Imowudi ye-Android" ayisosisombululo esihle kwintsimi yeemoto ezihlakaniphile.
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngexesha lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, kukho kwakhona i-Apple (i-loop evaliweyo) kunye ne-Android (evulekileyo) kwintsimi yeefowuni ezihlakaniphile, kwaye kuya kubakho ababoneleli be-software enzima njengeGoogle. Impendulo yam ilula. Indlela ye-Android ayizukusebenza ekuqhubeni ngokuzimeleyo kuba ayihambelani nomkhombandlela wophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yemoto ehlakaniphile.
Ewe, anditsho ukuba iinkampani ezinjengeTesla kunye nezinye iinkampani kufuneka zenze isikrufu ngasinye ngokwazo, kwaye iindawo ezininzi kusafuneka zithengwe kubavelisi bezinto ezincedisayo. Kodwa eyona nxalenye iphambili echaphazela amava omsebenzisi kufuneka yenziwe nguwe, njengazo zonke iinkalo zokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo.
Kwicandelo lokuqala, kuye kwakhankanywa ukuba indlela ye-Apple evaliweyo sesona sisombululo. Ngapha koko, ikwabonisa ukuba indlela evulekileyo ye-Android ayisosisombululo ilungileyo kwindawo yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo.
Uyilo lweefowuni ezihlakaniphile kunye neemoto ezihlakaniphile zahlukile. Ingqwalasela yee-smartphones yi-ecology. I-ecosystem ithetha ukubonelela ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwi-ARM kunye ne-IOS okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza ze-Android.Ke ngoko, ii-smartphones ze-Android zinokuqondwa njengendibaniselwano yeqela leenxalenye eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Umgangatho we-chip yi-ARM, ngaphezulu kwe-chip yinkqubo yokusebenza ye-Android, kwaye ke kukho ii -apps ezahlukeneyo kwi-Intanethi. Ngenxa yomgangatho wayo, nokuba yi-chip, inkqubo ye-Android, okanye i-App, inokuba lishishini ngokuzimeleyo.
Ingqwalasela yeemoto ezihlakaniphile yi-algorithm kunye nedatha kunye ne-hardware exhasa i-algorithm. I-algorithm ifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu nokuba iqeqeshelwe efini okanye ifakwe kwi-terminal. I-Hardware yemoto ehlakaniphile ifuna ukuphuculwa okuninzi kokusebenza kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-algorithms. Ke ngoko, zii-algorithms kuphela okanye iitshiphusi kuphela okanye ziinkqubo ezisebenzayo kuphela eziya kujongana neengxaki zokuphucula ukusebenza ekuhambeni kwexesha. Kuphela xa icandelo ngalinye liphuhliswa ngokwalo linokuthi liphuculwe ngokulula. Ukwahlulwa kwesoftware kunye ne-hardware kuya kubangela ukusebenza okungenakulungiswa.
Sinokuyithelekisa ngolu hlobo, i-NVIDIA Xavier ine-9 yeebhiliyoni ze-transistors, i-Tesla FSD HW 3.0 ine-6 yeebhiliyoni ze-transistors, kodwa isalathisi samandla ekhompyutheni ye-Xavier ayilungile njenge-HW3.0. Kwaye kuthiwa isizukulwana esilandelayo se-FSD HW inokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwamaxesha e-7 xa kuthelekiswa nale yangoku. Ke, kungenxa yokuba umyili wetshiphu weTesla uPeter Bannon kunye neqela lakhe bomelele kunabayili beNVIDIA, okanye ngenxa yokuba indlela kaTesla yokudibanisa isoftware kunye nehardware ingcono. Sicinga ukuba indlela yokudibanisa isoftware kunye nehardware kufuneka ibe sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwetshiphu. Ukwahlula i-algorithms kunye nedatha ayiyongcamango ilungileyo. Ayinakulungele ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zabathengi kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokukhawuleza.
Ngoko ke, kwintsimi yokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo, ukuqhaqha i-algorithms okanye iitshiphusi kwaye uzithengise ngokwahlukileyo akulona ishishini elihle ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Eli nqaku lithathwe kwi-EV-tech
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Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-10-2020