Izithuthi zombane (EVs) zikhawuleza zifumana ukuthandwa kwihlabathi jikelele, njengoko zibonwa njengenye indlela eluhlaza kunye nezinzileyo kwiimoto zendabuko zegesi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko abantu abaninzi betshintshela kwii-EVs, kukho imfuneko eyandayo yeziseko ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo zokutshaja. Ngelixa kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela ukutshaja kwe-EV, enye into ehlala ingahoywa yimozulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ukuba imozulu ichaphazela njani ukutshaja kwe-EV kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo.
Ubushushu
Iqondo lobushushu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zemozulu ezinokuchaphazela ukutshaja kwe-EV. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nokuba kushushu okanye kuyabanda, kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwebhetri, nto leyo echaphazela inkqubo yokutshaja. Ngexesha lemozulu eshushu, ibhetri inobushushu obugqithisileyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwixesha elicothayo lokutshaja kunye nobomi obufutshane bebhetri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwimozulu ebandayo, ukusebenza kwebhetri kunokuncitshiswa kakhulu, okukhokelela kwixesha elide lokutshaja kunye noluhlu oluncitshisiweyo.
Ukunciphisa ifuthe lobushushu ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo ambalwa angundoqo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukupaka i-EV kwindawo enomthunzi ngexesha lemozulu eshushu ukuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga kwibhetri. Kwimozulu ebandayo, kucetyiswa ukuba upake i-EV kwigaraji okanye kwenye indawo evaliweyo ukuze uhlale ufudumele. Kukwabalulekile ukugcina ibhetri itshajiwe, njengoko ibhetri ephantsi inokuba sesichengeni sokuguquguquka kobushushu. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa itshaja enokubeka iliso kwiqondo lobushushu bebhetri kwaye ilungelelanise izinga lokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukufuma
Ukufuma, okanye ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi osemoyeni, bunokuba nefuthe kwi-EV yokutshaja. Amanqanaba aphezulu okufuma anokubangela ukubola kwinkqubo yokutshaja, okunokubangela ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja kunye nokwanda kweendleko zokugcina. Ukongeza, ukufuma kunokuchaphazela nokusebenza kwebhetri, ngakumbi ukuba ibhetri ayivalwanga kakuhle.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yokufuma ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja kunye nenkqubo yombane ye-EV ivalwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ikhuselwe kubumanzi. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa isikhululo sokutshaja esikumgangatho ophezulu esenzelwe ukumelana nemozulu embi. Ukongezelela, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise rhoqo inkqubo yokutshaja kwiimpawu zokubola kunye nokucoca inkqubo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umoya
Ngelixa umoya usenokungabonakali njengento ebalulekileyo ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, usengaba neempembelelo kwinkqubo yokutshaja. Umoya ophezulu unokubangela ukuba uthuli kunye ne-debris ziqokelele kwisikhululo sokutshaja, esinokunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokulimala kwiintambo zokutshaja. Ukongezelela, imimoya ephezulu inokubangela ukuba i-EV iqhube, enokubangela umonakalo kwikhebula lokutshaja kunye ne-EV ngokwayo.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yomoya ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja sikhuselekile ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni kwaye iintambo zokutshaja zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo xa zingasetyenziswa. Kwakhona kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambulule isikhululo sokutshaja rhoqo ukuze ususe naluphi na uthuli okanye i-debris enokuthi iqokelele.
Imvula nekhephu
Imvula kunye nekhephu nazo zinokuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekutshajisweni kwe-EV. Ukongeza kwingozi yomonakalo kwisikhululo sokutshaja kunye neentambo, imvula, kunye nekhephu zingenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwisikhululo sokutshaja, ngakumbi ukuba simi ngaphandle.
Ukunciphisa impembelelo yemvula kunye nekhephu ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhululo sokutshaja sikhuselwe ngokufanelekileyo kwizinto. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa isikhululo sokutshaja esingangeni manzi nangokufaka isikhululo kwindawo egqunyiweyo. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uhlole rhoqo isikhululo sokutshaja ngeempawu zomonakalo kunye nokulungisa nawuphi na umonakalo ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqukumbela, imozulu inokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekutshajisweni kwe-EV, kodwa ngokucwangciswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokulungiselela, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo. Ngokuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela isikhululo sokutshaja kunye nenkqubo yombane ye-EV ekutshintsheni kweqondo lokushisa, umswakama, umoya, imvula, kunye nekhephu, abanikazi be-EV banokuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi zabo zihlawuliswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zemozulu.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja ze-EV zinokuchaphazeleka ngokwahlukileyo ziimeko zemozulu. Umzekelo, iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1, ezidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukutshaja ekhaya, zinokuchanabeka ngakumbi kwimiba enxulumene nemozulu kuneNqanaba lesi-2 okanye itshaja ezikhawulezayo ze-DC, eziyilelwe ukutshaja esidlangalaleni kwaye ngokwesiqhelo zomelele ngakumbi.
Olunye uqwalaselo oluphambili yindawo yokutshaja. Izikhululo zokutshaja zangaphandle zinokuba semngciphekweni ngakumbi kwimiba enxulumene nemozulu kunezikhululo zangaphakathi, ezihlala zikhuselwe ngakumbi kwizinto. Nangona kunjalo, izikhululo zangaphakathi zinokuba phantsi kokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma ukuba azifakwanga ngokufanelekileyo umoya.
Lilonke, kubalulekile ukuba abanini be-EV kunye nabaqhubi bathathe indlela esebenzayo kwimiba enxulumene nemozulu xa kufikwa kwi-EV yokutshaja. Oku kunokubandakanya utyalo-mali kwizixhobo zokutshaja ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela izikhululo zokutshaja kwizinto ezithile, nokuhlola rhoqo nokugcina inkqubo yokutshaja ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuthembeka.
Njengoko imfuno yee-EVs iqhubeka ukukhula, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umba weempembelelo ezinxulumene nemozulu ekutshajisweni uya kubaluleka ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhlala unolwazi kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo ukunciphisa ezi mpembelelo, abanini bee-EV kunye nabaqhubi banokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-EVs zihlala ziyindlela yokuthutha esebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zemozulu.
Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yemozulu kwiziseko zokutshaja ze-EV, kukwabalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo yemozulu kuluhlu lokuqhuba kwe-EV. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo anokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwebhetri, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba kuncitshiswe uluhlu lokuqhuba. Oku kunokuba yingxaki ngakumbi kubanini be-EV abahlala kwiindawo ezinemozulu eshushu okanye ebandayo.
Ukujongana nalo mbandela, abaninzi abavelisi be-EV baphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphucula ukusebenza kwebhetri kwiimeko ezinzima zemozulu. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-EVs zixhotyiswe ngokufudumeza kwebhetri kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa ezinceda ukulawula ubushushu bebhetri kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle. Obunye ubuchwephesha, obufana nokulawulwa kwemozulu kwangaphambili kunye nokulungiswa kwangaphambili, kuvumela abanini be-EV ukuba baphucule ubushushu bekhabhinethi yesithuthi sabo ngaphambi kokuba baqalise ukuqhuba, nto leyo enokunceda ukugcina amandla ebhetri kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lokuqhuba.
Ekugqibeleni, impembelelo yemozulu kwi-EV yokutshaja kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba lugxininisa ukubaluleka kwesiseko esomeleleyo nesithembekileyo sokutshaja. Njengoko ii-EVs ezininzi zibetha ezindleleni, kuya kubaluleka ukuqhubeka kutyalo-mali kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokutshaja obuphezulu kunye neziseko zophuhliso zokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-EVs zihlala ziyindlela yokuthutha esebenzayo kunye nezinzileyo kubo bonke abaqhubi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zemozulu.
Ukuqukumbela, imozulu inokuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo ekutshajisweni kwe-EV kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba. Ukunciphisa ezi mpembelelo, kubalulekile ukuba abanini bee-EV kunye nabaqhubi bathathe indlela esebenzayo yokukhusela iziseko zabo zokutshaja kwizinto ezisisiseko, ukutyala imali kwizixhobo zokutshaja ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuhlala unolwazi malunga nophuhliso lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji yebhetri ye-EV kunye neziseko zokutshaja. Ngokwenza njalo, sinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ii-EVs ziyaqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudaleni inkqubo yothutho ezinzileyo kunye neyokusingqongileyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2023