The cruel end of autonomous driving: Tesla, Huawei, Apple, Weilai Xiaopeng, Baidu, Didi, who can become the footnote of history?

Parizvino, makambani anotyaira mota dzevafambi otomatiki anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Chikamu chekutanga ndeye yakavharwa-loop system yakafanana neApple (NASDAQ: AAPL). Izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvakaita semachipisi uye algorithms anogadzirwa ega. Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) anoita izvi. Mamwe makambani matsva emotokari emagetsi anotarisirawo kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma. nzira iyi. Chikamu chechipiri ndeye yakavhurika sisitimu yakafanana ne Android. Vamwe vagadziri vanogadzira mapuratifomu akangwara, uye vamwe vanogadzira mota. Semuenzaniso, Huawei neBaidu (NASDAQ: BIDU) vane vavariro mune izvi. Chikamu chechitatu marobhoti (mataxi asingatyairi), semakambani akadai saWaymo.

Ichi chinyorwa chinonyanyo ongorora kugona kweidzi nzira nhatu kubva pamaonero etekinoroji nekusimudzira bhizinesi, uye tokurukura nezveramangwana revamwe vanogadzira mota dzemagetsi matsva kana makambani ekutyaira akazvimirira. Usarerutsa tekinoroji. Kuzvityaira kutyaira, tekinoroji hupenyu, uye kiyi tekinoroji nzira ndiyo nzira yehunyanzvi. Saka chinyorwa ichi zvakare nhaurirano pamakwara akasiyana ekutyaira akazvimirira nzira.

Nguva yesoftware uye yekubatanidza hardware yasvika. Iyo "Apple modhi" inomiririrwa naTesla ndiyo yakanakisa nzira.

Mumunda wemota dzakangwara, kunyanya mumunda wekutyaira wakazvimirira, kutora Apple's yakavharwa-loop modhi inogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kune vagadziri kukwirisa mashandiro uye kugadzirisa mashandiro. Kurumidza kupindura kune zvinodiwa nevatengi.
Rega nditaure nezve performance first. Kuita kwakakosha pakutyaira wega. Seymour Cray, baba vemakomputa makuru, akambotaura izwi rinonakidza kwazvo, "Chero munhu anogona kuvaka CPU inokurumidza. Chinongedzo ndechekuvaka hurongwa hwekutsanya".
Nekutadza zvishoma nezvishoma kweMutemo waMoore, hazvigoneke kungowedzera mashandiro nekuwedzera huwandu hwema transistors pane imwe unit nzvimbo. Uye nekuda kwekudzikisira kwenzvimbo uye simba rekushandisa, chiyero chechip chinogumirawo. Ehe, ikozvino Tesla FSD HW3.0 (FSD inonzi Yakazara Self-Driving) inongova 14nm maitiro, uye pane nzvimbo yekuvandudza.
Parizvino, mazhinji machipisi edhijitari akagadzirwa zvichienderana neVon Neumann Architecture nekuparadzaniswa kwendangariro uye karukureta, iyo inogadzira iyo yese system yemakomputa (kusanganisira smart mafoni). Kubva pasoftware kuenda kune anoshanda masisitimu kusvika kumachipi, inokanganiswa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, iyo Von Neumann Architecture haina kunyatsokodzera kudzidza kwakadzama uko kutyaira kwakazvimiririra kunovimba, uye inoda kuvandudzwa kana kunyange kubudirira.
Semuenzaniso, pane "memory wall" apo Calculator inomhanya kupfuura ndangariro, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekuita. Dhizaini yehuropi-senge machipisi ane pundutso mukuvaka, asi kusvetuka kwakanyanyisa kunogona kusaiswa munguva pfupi. Zvakare, iyo image convolutional network inogona kushandurwa kuita matrix mashandiro, ayo angave asina kunyatsokodzera uropi-senge machipisi.
Naizvozvo, seMutemo waMoore uye Von Neumann dhizaini zvese zvinosangana nemabhodhoro, kuvandudza kwekuita kweramangwana kunoda kuwanikwa kuburikidza neDomain Specific Architecture (DSA, iyo inogona kureva ma processor akazvipira). DSA yakakurudzirwa nevahwina Mubairo weTuring John Hennessy naDavid Patterson. Ihwo hutsva husiri kure zvakanyanya kumberi, uye ipfungwa inogona kuiswa mukuita nekukasira.
Isu tinogona kunzwisisa iyo pfungwa yeDSA kubva kune macro maonero. Kazhinji, machipisi azvino epamusoro-soro ane mabhiriyoni kusvika makumi emabhiriyoni ematransistors. Kugovaniswa kwenhamba hombe dzema transistors, dzakabatana, uye dzakasanganiswa dzine simba guru pakuita kwechishandiso chaicho.Mune ramangwana, zvinodikanwa kuvaka "fast system" kubva pakuona kwese kwesoftware uye hardware, uye kuvimba nekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kwechimiro.

"Android mode" haisi mhinduro yakanaka mumunda wemotokari dzakangwara.

Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti munguva yekuzvitakura kutyaira, kune zvakare Apple (yakavharwa loop) uye Android (yakavhurika) mumunda wemafoni akangwara, uye pachavawo neheavy-core software vanopa seGoogle. Mhinduro yangu iri nyore. Iyo Android nzira haishande pakutyaira wega nekuti haina kusangana negwara remangwana smart mota tekinoroji yekuvandudza.

Ehe, handingatauri kuti makambani akadai saTesla nemamwe makambani anofanirwa kugadzira screw yega yega, uye zvikamu zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kutengwa kubva kune vanogadzira zvinhu. Asi iyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chinokanganisa ruzivo rwemushandisi chinofanira kuitwa wega, senge ese maficha ekutyaira akazvimirira.
Muchikamu chekutanga, zvakataurwa kuti Apple yakavharwa-loop nzira ndiyo yakanyanya mhinduro. Muchokwadi, zvakare inoratidza kuti iyo Android yakavhurika nzira haisi iyo yakanyanya mhinduro mumunda wekutyaira wega.

Mavakirwo emafoni akangwara uye mota dzakangwara zvakasiyana. Chinangwa chemafoni eecology. Ecosystem zvinoreva kupa akasiyana maapplication akavakirwa paARM neIOS kana Android masisitimu anoshanda.Naizvozvo, Android smart mafoni anogona kunzwisiswa semusanganiswa weboka rezvakajairika zvikamu zvakajairwa. Iyo chip standard ndeye ARM, pamusoro peiyo chip ndiyo Android inoshanda sisitimu, uyezve pane akasiyana maapplication paInternet. Nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwayo, ingave chip, Android system, kana App, inogona kuve nyore bhizinesi yakazvimirira.

Tarisiro yemotokari dzakangwara ndeye algorithm uye data uye hardware inotsigira algorithm. Iyo algorithm inoda kuita kwakanyanya kwepamusoro ingave yakadzidziswa mugore kana kuisirwa pane terminal. Iyo Hardware yemota yakangwara inoda kuwanda kwekuita optimization kune chaiyo nyanzvi maapplication uye algorithms. Naizvozvo, maalgorithms chete kana machipisi chete kana masisitimu anoshanda chete anozosangana nekuita optimization dilemmas mukufamba kwenguva. Chete kana chikamu chega chega chikagadzirwa chega chinogona kuvandudzwa nyore. Kupatsanurwa kwesoftware uye Hardware kuchaguma nekuita kusingagone kugadziridzwa.

Tinogona kuzvienzanisa neiyi nzira, NVIDIA Xavier ine 9 bhiriyoni transistors, Tesla FSD HW 3.0 ine 6 bhiriyoni transistors, asi Xavier's computing power index haina kunaka seHW3.0. Uye zvinonzi chizvarwa chinotevera FSD HW ine kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwekanomwe kana ichienzaniswa neyazvino. Saka, imhaka yekuti Tesla chip mugadziri Peter Bannon nechikwata chake vakasimba kupfuura vagadziri veNVIDIA, kana nekuti nzira yaTesla yekubatanidza software nehardware iri nani. Isu tinofunga nzira yekubatanidza software uye hardware inofanirawo kuva chikonzero chakakosha chekuvandudzwa kwechip performance. Kuparadzanisa algorithms uye data haisi zano rakanaka. Izvo hazvibatsiri kumhinduro yekukurumidza pane zvinodiwa nevatengi uye kukurumidza iteration.

Naizvozvo, mumunda wekutyaira wega, kuparadzanisa algorithms kana machipisi uye kuzvitengesa zvakasiyana harisi bhizinesi rakanaka mukufamba kwenguva.

Ichi chinyorwa chinotorwa kubva kuEV-tech

psp13880916091

Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-10-2020

Kupera kwehutsinye kwekutyaira kutyaira: Tesla, Huawei, Apple, Weilai Xiaopeng, Baidu, Didi, ndiani angave chinyorwa chemuzasi chenhoroondo?